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4,220-year-old rock art in SW China’s Yunnan reveals early cultural links with Southeast Asia_我的网站

A |     央视网消息：2024年“五一”小长假共5天，探亲流、旅游流、学生流“三流叠加”，铁路客流将呈现强劲增长态势。    

    Timeline of the major painted rock art groups in Southwest China: A-A′: Jinsha River rock art; B-B′: Mangguan-Cangyuan rock art; C-C′: Zuojiang rock art Photos: Xinhua
Chinese researchers have obtained the first absolute dates for rock paintings at the Mangguan rock art site in Southwest China's Yunnan Province, pushing the known history of rock art created by prehistoric settled communities in the region back to about 4,220 years ago. The paintings also suggest cultural interactions more than 4,000 years ago between Southwest China and civilizations along the Yellow and Yangtze rivers, as well as possible exchanges with neighboring parts of Southeast Asia, including present-day Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, a member of the research team told the Global Times. 
The Yunnan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, in collaboration with Nanjing Normal University and other institutions, have recently made a significant archaeological breakthrough. Through systematic surveys and uranium-thorium (U-Th) dating at the Mangguan site in Gengma county, the research team obtained the first absolute dates for the site's rock paintings, tracing rock art created by prehistoric settled communities back to around 4,220 years ago.
The findings were recently published in the international journal Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.
The Mangguan rock paintings represent one of the best-preserved prehistoric rock art sites in Yunnan. The research team presented high precision U Th dating of carbonate accretions that stratigraphically overlie the painted motifs at the Mangguan site, according to the paper published in the journal.
The dating results show that carbonate deposits overlying a human figure yielded a corrected age of 4,240 ± 19 years before present, confirming that ancient people living in the region had already produced mature figurative art at least 4,220 years ago, Wu Yun, first author of the paper and an associate researcher at the Yunnan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, was cited by the Xinhua News Agency report as saying.
Dating results from 11 samples taken from different motifs clustered between about 3,907 and 3,056 years ago. By comparison, the Cangyuan cliff paintings had previously been dated to roughly 3,800 to 2,700 years ago. The Mangguan paintings are therefore significantly older, filling an important chronological gap in the region's artistic record before the Cangyuan phase.
Shao Qingfeng, corresponding author of the paper and a professor at the School of Geography at Nanjing Normal University, told the Global Times that previous estimates dated the Mangguan rock paintings to a little over 3,000 years ago based mainly on imagery and comparisons with similar regional sites. Using microsamples of secondary carbonate deposits overlying the paintings, researchers have now obtained a precise minimum age of about 4,220 years before present without damaging the rock art.
The findings and the establishment of this chronological framework not only strengthen the archaeological foundation for studying rock art in Southwest China, but also provide a direct reference for rock art sites across Southeast Asia that have yet to undergo systematic dating, Shao said. 
The findings may also challenge long-held perceptions of Southwest China around 4,200 years ago - roughly the era of the Xia Dynasty (c.2070 BC-C.1600 BC) - and help fill a key gap in understanding the pluralistic yet integrated development of Chinese civilization. 
Shao said that while academic research has traditionally focused on the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins as cradles of early Chinese civilization, sites such as Mangguan and Cangyuan show that stable and culturally active communities also thrived in mountainous Southwest China. The newly established rock-art chronology brings an artistic dimension to the broader narrative of China's enduring cultural development. 
Moreover, stylistic similarities suggest that Southwest China maintained exchanges with the Yellow River and Yangtze River regions and with early societies in Southeast Asia, providing material evidence of cross-regional interaction more than 4,000 years ago.
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B | 4月17日开始，“五一”假期首日也就是5月1日的火车票正式发售，多条热门线路的车票“秒光”，出现大面积候补。　　假期首日热门线路火车票开售“秒光”　　记者在购票平台搜索发现，“五一”假期首日火车票开售后，多条热门线路的车票“秒光”。截至4月17日上午10时，北京至西安、成都、重庆、哈尔滨、郑州等多条线路部分车次的火车票已经售罄。　　春假假期车票销售火爆 抢票难度堪比“春运”　　4月28日—30日是浙江杭州中小学生春假，再衔接“五一”假期，8天的假期让不少家长将旅游出行提上日程。4月28日，杭州前往北京、长沙、广州等热门目的地的二等火车票处于基本售罄状态，不少家长表示抢票难度堪比“春运”。　　旅客可通过候补购票 多选增加成功率　　铁路部门提示，没有买到心仪车票的旅客，可以抓紧通过候补购票，多选几个日期、车次、席别组合提交候补订单，增加候补成功率。铁路部门也会根据售票情况增加运力。　　　“五一”假期出行火热 机票预订进入高峰　　除了火车票，“五一”假期的机票预订也进入高峰。航旅纵横大数据显示，截至目前，“五一”假期期间，国内航线机票预订量超过220万，比一周前增长近62%；出入境航线机票预订量超过69万，比一周前增长约17%。上海、北京、成都、广州、深圳、杭州、西安、重庆、昆明、武汉是“五一”假期十大国内热门目的地，出境游也成为旅客的热门选择。

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